Installer WordPress med Ubuntu 22.04, NGINX, MariaDB og PHP 8.2

I denne artikel vil du lære at installere WordPress manuelt på en Ubuntu 22.04-server ved hjælp af NGINX, MariaDB og PHP 8.2. Disse stakke vil give en kraftfuld og effektiv platform til at køre dit WordPress-websted med en fantastisk hastighed.

Følg disse 3 trin, og se videoen. Har du brug for hjælp? kontakt mig. 😊

  1. Opsætning af Cloudflare DNS
  2. Få Ubuntu Server
  3. Implementering af LEMP-stakken

Før du går i gang, har du et hurtigt tip. Brug Udvidelsen Søg og erstat til at ændre example.com til dit eget domæne på denne webside.

Et tidsbesparende tip til Google Chrome-brugere.
search replace

Del A: Hold Cloudflare-nameservere aktive

Vi vil bruge Cloudflare DNS til at få Let’s Encrypt Wildcard SSL-certifikat. Gennemfør dette trin først for at få glæde af nul-downtime-migration.

Tjek aktuelle navneservere

Del B: Gør en Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS Server klar

Ubuntu
Ubuntu logo

1. Tilmeld dig Vultr for at få $100 Gratis kreditter (Gyldig i 30 dage)

Som en person, der har prøvet så mange Cloud-serverfirmaer, siger min erfaring, at du ikke kan gå galt i byen med Vultr. Disse fyre er ægte og omsorgsfulde, når det kommer til support og service.

vultr

⚡ Ydelse

  • NVME / SSD
  • 3.7 GHz CPU
  • Op til 5 Gbps netværkshastighed
  • Datacenter i America, Europe, Asia, Austraillia
  • IPV6 klar

💡 Funktioner

  • Begyndervenligt instrumentbræt
  • Et klik til snapshot
  • Automtatic Backup (Betalt)
  • Gratis cloud-brandmur
  • DDoS-beskyttelse (Betalt)
  • 100% KVM Virtualisering

⚙ Støtte

  • PayPal/Card
  • 24/7 Support af billetter
  • Dokumentation

2. Opret en ny VPS-server

Du skal blot klikke på plus-knappen for at komme i gang

Deploy New Server

3. Vælg servertype

Vælg Cloud Compute for delt CPU til overkommelige priser.

Choose Server

Herefter kan du vælge AMD High Performance eller Intel High Frequency i CPU & Storage Technology. Den har den hurtigste CPU og NVMe-disk nogensinde. Hvis budgettet er mindre, skal du vælge Regular-planen med Intel CPU, hvor du får SSD-disk.

CPU Technology

4. Vælg en serverplacering

Vælg en serverplacering, der er tæt på din målgruppe.

vultr server region 1

Hvis f.eks. 99 % af din trafik kommer fra Danmark, skal du vælge den nærmeste region – Frankfurt, Tyskland.

Asien

  • Mumbai, Indien
  • Delhi NCR, Indien
  • Bengaluru, Indien
  • Singapore, Singapore
  • Tokyo, Japan
  • Seoul, Sydkorea

Amerika

  • Miami, USA
  • Atlanta, USA
  • Chicago, USA
  • Dallas, USA
  • Honolulu, USA
  • Los Angeles, USA
  • Mexico City, Mexico
  • New York (NJ), USA
  • Seattle, USA
  • Silicon Valley, USA
  • Toronto, Canada, São Paulo

Europa

  • Stockholm, Sverige
  • London, Det Forenede Kongerige
  • Amsterdam, Nederlandene
  • Frankfurt, Tyskland
  • Madrid, Spanien
  • Paris, Frankrig
  • Warszawa, Polen

Australlia

  • Sydney, Australien
  • Melbourne, Australien

5. Vælg Ubuntu 22.04 x64 OS

Cloud Operating System

I øjeblikket er Ubuntu 20.04×64 og 22.04×64 begge LTS-versioner (Long Term Supported) kompatible med de fleste af de pakker, som vi vil installere.

ubuntu releases 2

6. Vælg en serverstørrelse

server size

Et abonnement til $6/måned ville være et godt udgangspunkt for en ny blog. Du kan opgradere når som helst efter behov.

Tip: Hvis du migrerer, skal du kontrollere Samlet installationsstørrelse i Site health info.

Site health info

7. Aktiver IPV6, sikkerhedskopi

vultr enable backup ipv6

8. Tilføj en SSH-nøgle

Dette er et anbefalet, valgfrit trin for at øge sikkerheden.

Add SSH key
  • Klik på knappen Tilføj ny for at tilføje en ny SSH-nøgle for at indsende din 🔒offentlige nøgle.
  • Generer nøgler ved hjælp af nedenstående metode i overensstemmelse med dit operativsystem.
win os
  • Download PuTTy application.
  • Søg efter PuTTygen i menuen Start
  • Klik på knappen Generer, og hold musemarkøren over skærmen
  • Kopier den offentlige nøgle, og giv den til Vultr
  • Indtast nøglepassfrasen
  • Gem 🔑Private Key på det mest sikre sted.
  • Dette kan bruges til login til SSH eller SFTP.
linux 2
  • Kør: ssh-keygen -t rsa. For at få en mere sikker 4096-bit nøgle skal du køre: ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
  • Tryk på enter, når du bliver spurgt om, hvor du vil gemme nøglen (dette vil bruge standardplaceringen).
  • Indtast en adgangsfrase for din nøgle.
  • Kør cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub – dette vil give dig nøglen i det korrekte format, som du kan indsætte i kontrolpanelet.
  • Sørg for at tage en sikkerhedskopi af filen ~/.ssh/id_rsa. Den kan ikke genoprettes, hvis den går tabt.

Vælg din SSH-nøgle

Når du følger disse trin, knyttes din offentlige nøgle til din nye instans. Derefter vil du kunne logge ind på SSH ved hjælp af både almindelig tekstadgangskode og SSH-nøgle.

select SSH public key

9. Link Web Firewall-regel til serverinstans (valgfrit)

Firewall
  1. Klik på Administrer, og opret en ny firewallgruppe.
  2. Tillad TCP-port 22 til SSH. 80 for HTTP og 443 HTTPS for både IPV4- og IPV6-regler.
  3. Når det er gjort, skal du knytte firewallgruppen til din instans.
firewall status
Accepterer kun TCP-forbindelser fra 22, 80, 443
Link Firewall Group
Link firewallregel til ny instans

10. Indtast værtsnavn og etiket og klik på Implementer nu

server hostname label

Nu vil du se installation i forløbet

Instance Installing

11. Gå til siden Ny instans

Kopier IP-adresse, brugernavn og adgangskode. Din standardport er 22.

new instance info page

12. Deaktivere login med adgangskode

Af sikkerhedsmæssige årsager anbefales det at deaktivere adgangskodegodkendelse og kun tillade nøglebaseret godkendelse.

  1. Rediger konfigurationsfilen nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  2. Find (CTRL + W) og søg PasswordAuthentication
  3. Ændre værdien fra ja til nej
  4. For at gemme typen CTRL + O
  5. Genstart SSH-tjenesten ved hjælp af kommandoen sudo service ssh restart
disable password auth
Deaktivere adgangskodegodkendelse

Fra næste gang kan du kun bruge SSH via nøgle, som vist i videoen.

Til Linux eller Mac skal du bruge Terminal med kommandoen som denne

ssh [email protected] -p 22 -i id_rsa

Trin 13. Deaktiver UFW

Når du implementerer en ny instans på VULTR, er UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) aktiveret, så alle porte er blokeret undtagen SSH-port 22. Dette kan returnere ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED-fejl i browseren. For at løse dette vil jeg foreslå at holde UFW deaktiveret.

ufw disable

Det er nok forklaring på de grundlæggende ting. Nu vil jeg fremskynde den oprindelige proces til implementering af WordPress på LEMP-stakken.

Del C. Implementer WordPress på LEMP Stack

1. Opdatere repositories

Indtast nedenstående kommando, og tryk på enter-tasten

sudo -s
apt update && apt upgrade -y && apt dist-upgrade && apt autoclean && apt autoremove -y && reboot

eller

wget -qO update https://dl.gulshankumar.net/update && chmod +x update

Næste gang skal du altid bruge nedenstående genvejskommando til at opdatere.

./update

2. Installer MariaDB med sikkerhed

Log ind igen, og indtast følgende kommando

sudo apt install mariadb-server -y && sudo mysql_secure_installation

Svar på nedenstående spørgsmål

  • Enter current password for root (enter for none): Tryk på Enter-tasten
  • Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n]: Type n and Press the Enter key.
  • Set root password? [Y/n]: Tryk på Enter-tasten
  • New password: Copy a strong password from Dashlane Password Generator. To paste a password in the SSH console, right-click and press the Enter key. The password will not be visible on the screen.
  • Re-enter new password: Højreklik, og tryk på Enter-tasten igen.

Når du har fået indstillet en adgangskode, vil du se

Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!

Du skal også besvare følgende spørgsmål.

  • Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]: Tryk på Enter-tasten
  • Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]: Tryk på Enter-tasten
  • Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]: Tryk på Enter-tasten
  • Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]: Tryk på Enter-tasten

3. Opret en ny database til WordPress

Log ind på MySQL, tryk på enter-tasten, når der bliver spurgt om adgangskode.

mysql -u root -p

Opret en ny database, og giv rettigheder til at bruge dens bruger med adgangskode. Det er her WordPress gemmer alle indlæg, sider, temaer, plugin osv. oplysninger.

create database wordpress;
grant all on wordpress.* to gulshan@localhost identified by '5pY8CKJxDRJEGQNkX7';
flush privileges;
exit;

Hvor din …
database er wordpress
brugernavn er gulshan
adgangskoden er 5pY8CKJxDRJEGJEGQNkX7

Tip: Overvej at bruge unikke loginoplysninger

4. Installer PHP 8.2, NGINX og indstil tilladelser

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y && apt update && apt install php8.2-fpm php8.2-common php8.2-mysql php8.2-xml php8.2-xmlrpc php8.2-curl php8.2-gd php8.2-imagick php8.2-cli php8.2-dev php8.2-imap php8.2-mbstring php8.2-soap php8.2-zip php8.2-bcmath -y && sed -i 's/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini && service php8.2-fpm restart && apt install nginx -y && chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/ && chmod -R 755 /var/www

Justere PHP-konfiguration

De fleste smarte temaer og plugins kræver en avanceret PHP-konfiguration for at kunne køre. Derfor bør vi foretage disse ændringer.

sed -i 's/memory_limit = 128M/memory_limit = 512M/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sed -i 's/post_max_size = 8M/post_max_size = 128M/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sed -i 's/max_file_uploads = 20/max_file_uploads = 30/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sed -i 's/max_execution_time = 30/max_execution_time = 900/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sed -i 's/max_input_time = 60/max_input_time = 3000/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sed -i 's/upload_max_filesize = 2M/upload_max_filesize = 128M/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
service php8.2-fpm restart

5. Installer Wildcard Let’s Encrypt SSL-certifikat

Opret en cloudflare.ini-fil i mappen /root/.secrets/.

mkdir -p /root/.secrets/ && cd /root/.secrets/ && nano cloudflare.ini

Tilføj nedenstående kode og gem ved hjælp af CTRL+O og afslut med CTRL+X

dns_cloudflare_email = "[email protected]"
dns_cloudflare_api_key = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"

Find din Cloudflare e-mail og globale API-nøgle på “Min profil” > API-tokens > Global API-nøgle

chmod 0400 /root/.secrets/cloudflare.ini

Installer Certbot og DNS Authenticator i overensstemmelse med OS og HTTP-webserver

snap install --beta --classic certbot
snap set certbot trust-plugin-with-root=ok
snap install --beta certbot-dns-cloudflare
snap connect certbot:plugin certbot-dns-cloudflare

Få Wildcard SSL-certifikat

certbot certonly --dns-cloudflare --dns-cloudflare-credentials /root/.secrets/cloudflare.ini -d example.com,*.example.com --preferred-challenges dns-01

Indstil automatisk fornyelse ved hjælp af Cron Job

  • Type crontab -e
  • Type 1 til nano editor
  • Indtast nedenstående kommando, og gem
0 0 * * *  /etc/init.d/nginx reload >/dev/null 2>&1

Fornyelse af prøven

certbot renew --dry-run

6. Konfigurer Nginx-serverblok

Dette er vigtigt, når du skal konfigurere dit domæne, og hvordan NGINX skal håndtere dine HTTP-forespørgsler.

Slet standardserverblokke.

rm /etc/nginx/sites-available/default && rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

Opret en ny serverblok

cd /etc/nginx/sites-available/
nano example.com
  1. Udskift example.com med eget domæne
  2. Indtast nedenstående kode, og tryk på ctrl+o for at gemme og ctrl+x for at afslutte.

Generelt

server {
    listen         80;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
server {
# Document Root
root /var/www/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
server_name .example.com;
client_max_body_size 0;

    listen [::]:443 ssl http2 ipv6only=on;
    listen 443 ssl http2;
        ssl_protocols TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
        ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
        ssl_session_cache   shared:SSL:20m;
        ssl_session_timeout 20m;
        ssl_ciphers 'TLS13+AESGCM+AES128:EECDH+AES128';


error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

# Block XMLRPC
location = /xmlrpc.php {
    deny all;
}

location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
}

location ~* \.php$ {
if ($uri !~ "^/uploads/") {
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
}
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}

location = /robots.txt {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
allow all;
}

location ~* .(css|gif|svg|ico|woff2|eot|jpeg|webp|jpg|js|png)$ {
expires 1y;
log_not_found off;
}

# Enable Gzip compression.
gzip on;

# Disable Gzip on IE6.
gzip_disable "msie6";

# Allow proxies to cache both compressed and regular version of file.
# Avoids clients that don't support Gzip outputting gibberish.
gzip_vary on;

# Compress data, even when the client connects through a proxy.
gzip_proxied any;

# The level of compression to apply to files. A higher compression level increases
# CPU usage. Level 5 is a happy medium resulting in roughly 75% compression.
gzip_comp_level 5;

# Compress the following MIME types.
gzip_types
 application/atom+xml
 application/javascript
 application/json
 application/ld+json
 application/manifest+json
 application/rss+xml
 application/vnd.geo+json
 application/vnd.ms-fontobject
 application/x-font-ttf
 application/x-web-app-manifest+json
 application/xhtml+xml
 application/xml
 font/opentype
 image/bmp
 image/svg+xml
 image/x-icon
 text/cache-manifest
 text/css
 text/plain
 text/vcard
 text/vnd.rim.location.xloc
 text/vtt
 text/x-component
 text/x-cross-domain-policy;
}

Til cache Enabler

server {
    listen         80;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
server {
# Document Root
root /var/www/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
server_name .example.com;
client_max_body_size 0;

    listen [::]:443 ssl http2 ipv6only=on;
    listen 443 ssl http2;
        ssl_protocols TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
        ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
        ssl_session_cache   shared:SSL:20m;
        ssl_session_timeout 20m;
        ssl_ciphers 'TLS13+AESGCM+AES128:EECDH+AES128';


error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;


# Block XMLRPC
location = /xmlrpc.php {
    deny all;
}


# Rules for Cache Enabler Plugin - Static File Serving

    set $cache_uri $request_uri;

    # bypass cache if POST requests or URLs with a query string
    if ($request_method = POST) {
    set $cache_uri 'nullcache';
    }

    if ($query_string != '') {
    set $cache_uri 'nullcache';
    }

    # bypass cache if URLs containing the following strings
    if ($request_uri ~* '(/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|/wp-(app|cron|login|register|mail).php|wp-.*.php|/feed/|index.php|wp-comments-popup.php|wp-links-opml.php|wp-locations.php|sitemap(index)?.xml|[a-z0-9-]+-sitemap([0-9]+)?.xml)') {
    set $cache_uri 'nullcache';
    }

    # bypass cache if cookies contain the following strings
    if ($http_cookie ~* '(wp-postpass|wordpress_logged_in|comment_author)_') {
    set $cache_uri 'nullcache';
    }

    # custom installation subdirectory
    set $custom_subdir '';

    # default HTML file
    set $cache_enabler_uri '${custom_subdir}/wp-content/cache/cache-enabler/${http_host}${cache_uri}${scheme}-index.html';

    # WebP HTML file
    if ($http_accept ~* 'image/webp') {
    set $cache_enabler_uri '${custom_subdir}/wp-content/cache/cache-enabler/${http_host}${cache_uri}${scheme}-index-webp.html';
    }

    location / {
    gzip_static on; # this directive is not required but recommended
    try_files $cache_enabler_uri $uri $uri/ $custom_subdir/index.php?$args;
    }

location ~* \.php$ {
if ($uri !~ "^/uploads/") {
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
}
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}

location = /robots.txt {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
allow all;
}

location ~* .(css|gif|svg|ico|jpeg|webp|woff2|eot|jpg|js|png)$ {
expires 1y;
log_not_found off;
}

# Enable Gzip compression.
gzip on;

# Disable Gzip on IE6.
gzip_disable "msie6";

# Allow proxies to cache both compressed and regular version of file.
# Avoids clients that don't support Gzip outputting gibberish.
gzip_vary on;

# Compress data, even when the client connects through a proxy.
gzip_proxied any;

# The level of compression to apply to files. A higher compression level increases
# CPU usage. Level 5 is a happy medium resulting in roughly 75% compression.
gzip_comp_level 5;

# Compress the following MIME types.
gzip_types
 application/atom+xml
 application/javascript
 application/json
 application/ld+json
 application/manifest+json
 application/rss+xml
 application/vnd.geo+json
 application/vnd.ms-fontobject
 application/x-font-ttf
 application/x-web-app-manifest+json
 application/xhtml+xml
 application/xml
 font/opentype
 image/bmp
 image/svg+xml
 image/x-icon
 text/cache-manifest
 text/css
 text/plain
 text/vcard
 text/vnd.rim.location.xloc
 text/vtt
 text/x-component
 text/x-cross-domain-policy;
}
  • Du skal installere Cache Enabler-plugin for at nyde godt af cachefordelen.

FastCGI

Hvis du ønsker at bruge FastCGI Cache, skal du i stedet implementere nedenstående Server Block.

# NGINX Cache path
fastcgi_cache_path /var/run/nginx-cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=WORDPRESS:100m inactive=6h;
fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
fastcgi_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;

server {
    listen         80;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
server {
root /var/www/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
server_name .example.com;
client_max_body_size 0;

    listen [::]:443 ssl http2 ipv6only=on;
    listen 443 ssl http2;
        ssl_protocols TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
        ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
        ssl_session_cache   shared:SSL:20m;
        ssl_session_timeout 20m;
        ssl_ciphers 'TLS13+AESGCM+AES128:EECDH+AES128';

error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;


set $skip_cache 0;
    if ($request_method = POST) {set $skip_cache 1;}
    if ($request_uri ~* "/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|/wp-.*.php|index.php|sitemap") {set $skip_cache 1;}
    if ($http_cookie ~* "comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9]+|wp-postpass|wordpress_no_cache|wordpress_logged_in") {set $skip_cache 1;}
    if ($query_string = "unapproved*") {set $skip_cache 1;}
    if ($cookie_woocommerce_items_in_cart = "1" ){ set $skip_cache 1;}
    if ($request_uri ~* "/(cart|checkout|my-account)/*$") {set $skip_cache 1;}

# Block XMLRPC
location = /xmlrpc.php {
    deny all;
}

location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
}

location ~* \.php$ {

 if ($uri !~ "^/uploads/") {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
        }

        try_files                       $uri =404;
        include                         /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param                   SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_pass                    unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index                   index.php;
                fastcgi_cache_bypass $skip_cache;
                fastcgi_no_cache $skip_cache;
                fastcgi_cache WORDPRESS;
                fastcgi_cache_valid 200 30d;
                fastcgi_cache_valid 301 302 303 307 308 404 410 451 1m;
                add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;

}

location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}

location = /robots.txt {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
allow all;
}

location ~* .(css|gif|ico|svg|webp|woff2|eot|jpeg|jpg|js|png)$ {
expires 1y;
log_not_found off;
}

# Enable Gzip compression.
gzip on;

# Disable Gzip on IE6.
gzip_disable "msie6";

# Allow proxies to cache both compressed and regular version of file.
# Avoids clients that don't support Gzip outputting gibberish.
gzip_vary on;

# Compress data, even when the client connects through a proxy.
gzip_proxied any;

# The level of compression to apply to files. A higher compression level increases
# CPU usage. Level 5 is a happy medium resulting in roughly 75% compression.
gzip_comp_level 5;

# Compress the following MIME types.
gzip_types
 application/atom+xml
 application/javascript
 application/json
 application/ld+json
 application/manifest+json
 application/rss+xml
 application/vnd.geo+json
 application/vnd.ms-fontobject
 application/x-font-ttf
 application/x-web-app-manifest+json
 application/xhtml+xml
 application/xml
 font/opentype
 image/bmp
 image/svg+xml
 image/x-icon
 text/cache-manifest
 text/css
 text/plain
 text/vcard
 text/vnd.rim.location.xloc
 text/vtt
 text/x-component
 text/x-cross-domain-policy;
}

To save, press CTRL+O and Enter key. Then, exit nano editor using command CTRL+X.

I tilfælde af FastCGI skal du bruge NGINX Helper-plugin. Det fungerer også med Hindi-kodede URL’er. Husk på, at det ikke understøtter AMP. Jeg bruger personligt ikke AMP. (Anbefalet)

Alternativt fungerer NGINX cache til rensning af AMP-URL’er, men den understøtter ikke Hindi-kodede URL’er. I indstillingerne skal du beholde cachestien /var/run/nginx-cache/

Forsigtig!

  • Hvis du f.eks. bruger Newspaper-tema og serverer separat Mobile-tema, skal du holde dig uden FastCGI-metoden og bruge et plugin WP Rocket, fordi det kan servere separat mobilcache ud af boksen.

7. Opret symbolske links mellem to mapper

Hvis du glemmer dette trin, kan du få ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED

For at aktivere serverblokken skal du oprette et symbolsk link til din NGINX Server Block-fil fra mappen /etc/nginx/sites-available/ til /etc/nginx/sites-enabled

Før du kører nedenstående kommando, skal du erstatte example.com med dit eget domæne.

ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

Testkonfiguration

nginx -t

Genstart og opdatering

service nginx restart && service php8.2-fpm restart && service mysql restart && apt-get update && apt upgrade -y

8. Installer WordPress

Download WordPress-filer i mappen /var/www/html, og indstil tilladelser.

cd /var/www/html && wget https://da.wordpress.org/latest-da_DK.tar.gz && tar -xvzf latest-da_DK.tar.gz && mv -v wordpress/* /var/www/html && rm -rf index.nginx-debian.html latest-da_DK.tar.gz wordpress && chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/ && sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www

For at opdatere tilladelsen i fremtiden skal du bruge nedenstående kommando

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/ && sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www

9. Opdatering af DNS

Hvis du hoster WordPress lokalt, ønsker at omgå proxy eller ønsker at udføre nul nedetidsmigrering, er dette trin nyttigt. Jeg foretrækker generelt i tilfælde af Static WordPress Dev-området. 😉

  • Der er to måder at pege på DNS på. Hvis du migrerer webstedet til Vultr og først vil teste lokalt, skal du redigere din hosts-fil og pege der.

Til Windows

  • Gå til egenskaberne for ‪C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
  • Ændre tilladelsen “Sikkerhed” til fuld kontrol for dit nuværende brugernavn
  • Nu kan du frit redigere hosts-filen under din System-bruger og gemme den.
# For same machine you can have localhost address else public IP
127.0.0.1 example.com
127.0.0.1 www.example.com

Sådan skal det se ud.

Til Mac eller Linux

Du kan redigere hosts-filen ved hjælp af nedenstående kommando

sudo nano /etc/hosts

Opdatering af DNS med Cloudflare

  • Hvis alt er perfekt, og du ønsker at gøre dit websted live, skal du logge ind på Cloudflare DNS og opdatere den nye IP
A@IPV4 address
AAAA@IPV6 address
CNAMEwwwexample.com

hvor @ betegner det nøgne domæne example.com

9. Visit your domain name to setup WordPress

Hvis du ønsker at beholde domænet for din WordPress-version uden for www, skal du besøge ikke-www-versionen ellers www.

https://example.com
  • Angiv loginoplysninger til databasen for at begynde WordPress-opsætning
  • Kør installation
  • Udfyld de grundlæggende oplysninger om dit nye websted, og installer WordPress.
  • Log ind på WordPress
  • Hvis du har brugt FastCGI-serverblokken, er det første du skal gøre at installere NGINX Cache-plugin og konfigurere /var/www/cache som cache-sti.

Andre nødvendige ting

Brug SMTP-plugin Tjenester til at sende udgående e-mail fra WordPress, ellers kan du ikke modtage meddelelser om nulstilling af adgangskode, kontaktformular 7-meddelelser.

Endelig er WordPress-installationen afsluttet. Opbevar altid en sikkerhedskopi.

Jeg sætter stor pris på din værdifulde tid til at læse denne artikel. Vi ses i den næste vejledning!

Skriv en kommentar

67 kommentarer til “Installer WordPress med Ubuntu 22.04, NGINX, MariaDB og PHP 8.2”

  1. Exactly followed the same steps, but at the end i am getting 502 bad gateway. I built some sites with the same steps before, however i don’t know what changed now.

    Svar
  2. location ~* .(css|gif|ico|svg|jpeg|jpg|js|png)$ {
    expires 1y;
    log_not_found off;
    }

    is this code for page caching?
    I use cloudflare so it has page cache too.
    If i use that can i remove it from codes?
    Can you please explain what is this code for?

    Thanks

    Svar
    • That code is for setting up 1 year browser caching for static files. You may use Cloudflare Page caching as normally you do. There shouldn’t be any problem.

      Svar
  3. For Nginx cache helper (I take this info from offical site
    There’s a ‘purge all’ button? Does it purge the whole site?
    Yes, it does. It physically empties the cache directory. It is set by default to /var/run/nginx-cache/.

    So the default is /var/run/nginx-cache/
    can we change fastcgi_cache_path /var/www/cache to /var/run/nginx-cache/ ?

    Thanks

    Svar
  4. I finally installed wordpress with this guide. But I see only www version but not the non-www version. Is there any changes that I need to do.

    Redirects to www version even If I enter non-www version.

    Svar
    • You need to point DNS records for both hostnames. Second, make sure dot is not missing from the beginning of example.com in this code – server_name .example.com; in the NGINX connfig at step 6. Another thing, Redirect from www to non-www or vice-versa (as neccessary) is taken care automatically from WordPress. You do not need to put any extra code for it.

      Svar
  5. which is the best & compatible server side cache plugin If I use FastCGI server block code along with Nginx Cache plugin..

    W3 Total Cache or WP Rocket

    Svar
  6. I have 2 questions

    1) What if i have 2 domains on different cloudflare accounts?

    Create a cloudflare.ini file inside /root/.secrets/ directory.
    mkdir -p /root/.secrets/ && cd /root/.secrets/ && nano cloudflare.ini
    Add below code and save using CTRL+O and exit using CTRL+X
    dns_cloudflare_email = “[email protected]
    dns_cloudflare_api_key = “XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX”

    /root/.secrets/1domaincloudfare.ini
    /root/.secrets/2domaincloudfare.ini

    certbot certonly –dns-cloudflare –dns-cloudflare-credentials 1domaincloudfare.ini -d example.com,*.1domain.com –preferred-challenges dns-01
    certbot certonly –dns-cloudflare –dns-cloudflare-credentials 2domaincloudfare.ini -d example.com,*.2domain.com –preferred-challenges dns-01

    Do this work?

    2) If we have 2 domains in the same account on cloudflare can we use 1 cloudflare.ini

    certbot certonly –dns-cloudflare –dns-cloudflare-credentials /root/.secrets/cloudflare.ini -d 1domain.com,*.example.com –preferred-challenges dns-01
    certbot certonly –dns-cloudflare –dns-cloudflare-credentials /root/.secrets/cloudflare.ini -d 2domain.com,*.example.com –preferred-challenges
    dns-01

    3) If we dont use cloudflare what will our ns for domain?
    CLoud VPNs IP?

    ns1= 68.28.65.84
    ns2= 68.28.65.84

    Is this right?

    thanks for your replies

    Svar
  7. Can we create multi wordpress sites on different domain in the same machine with this
    method?

    I think only changement is in the FastCGI?

    server {
    root /var/www/aaa.com/wordpress;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;
    server_name .aaa.com;
    client_max_body_size 0;

    server {
    root /var/www/bbb.com/wordpress;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;
    server_name .bbb.com;
    client_max_body_size 0;

    server {
    root /var/www/ccc.com/wordpress;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;
    server_name .ccc.com;
    client_max_body_size 0;

    is this make a problem cache path is the same path for 3 web site? /var/www/cache

    Is this method works?
    1 machine 3 different domain and wordpress?

    Thanks

    Svar
  8. What do you think about Plesk Panel?
    It is easy to install plesk and create a wordpress site.
    Easy to find trial keys and we can use it unlimited.
    If it expires sites goes on ftp works and only plesk panel does not work but there are too much trial keys
    It has nginx cache.

    Do you recommend why and why not?
    Thanks

    Svar
  9. hello gulshanji i wanted to use cloudflare ssl direct from thier website and not thru api with fast cgi then what would the config

    Svar
  10. Hey bro what is your thoughts on EasyEngine and SlickStack etc or one click app instead to automate? what is your favorite and will you make any tut bro

    Svar
  11. The FastCGI server block config throws 404 Errors.

    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm-example.sock;
    should be:
    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;

    And it is missing config for location /
    This config must be defined:

    location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
    }

    Svar
      • What are the differences if any between doing this method and using the vultr 1 click install? I have also read about centminmod. Is that somrthing u will recommend for having a fast LEMP stack? Tnx

        Svar
  12. This article is like Life-Saver for one of my website. I was about to move from Google Cloud to Digital Ocean because the trial was expired and I also wanted to use DigitaOcean because it is in-expensive yet powerful and gives great experience.

    Previously, I used webinoly stack which was straightforward for installing WordPress but later on I got to know from Gulshan that there are so many issues with that stack so, this time I was going to do it manually. I checked the official guide by Digital ocean but end up with many confusion and issues. Then, I fortunately asked Gulshan for help and he recommended this article for me.

    I installed WordPress easily and very fast even fast that Webinoly stack. Thanks a lot Gulshan for writing this amazing article. Hats off to you bro!!🎩

    Svar
  13. Hi Gulshan, I am also receiving the test failed error on step 7. I have tried several times now on different setup and still stuck here. Please could you help?

    Svar
    • Please carefully read the post and then copy-paste code in Terminal. Sometime you need to replace with your own domain. Doing mistake can return error. Else, no wise. I use this guide everyday for myself. I am not aware about any problem.

      In case of trouble
      1. Run test using nginx -t
      2. Check logs to get proper hint tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log

      3. Delete existing or earlier created virtualhost
      rm /etc/nginx/sites-available/default && rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
      4. Make sure to replace example.com at all places, a) when you create conf file, its naming. b) when you add conf file and c) when you create symlink, check your command its conf file name must match with first process.

      I feel in most cases, chances are you did not replaced server_name .example.com; to own domain, or you did not obtained SSL. All steps are written in serial order as it should be.

      Svar
  14. How to check if fastcgi cache is working or not? while running sudo curl -I https://example.com it is not showing x-cache parameter

    Svar
  15. Hey Gulshan,
    In the 7th step while texting ngnix I got
    nginx: [emerg] open() “/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.com” failed (2: No such file or directory) in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:62
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

    This error. How I can solve it? also what the error.

    Svar
    • Please delete your existing server block and create again at sites-available and symlink at sites-enabled directory. The step 6 and 7 cover that clearly. Consider following patiently without any error. If you still face any problem, do let me know. Thanks for taking to leave your valuable comment.

      Svar
    • If your WordPress General Settings has www version, server will do automatically. No additional action is required. In case you started WordPress installation at non-www version, then you need to migrate by changing at Database level.

      Svar
  16. Hello Gulshan Bro, First i want to say you that this is very beautiful and required post. I am really appreciating your work. but i have a problem can you please tell me
    i have a droplet with digitalocean ($5/month plan) and i want to host multiple wordpress sites only with nginx(lemp ubuntu 18.04).
    In simple i mean that this tutorial is complete to install a single wordpress and i did it but tell host it in some other sites

    Svar
    • Hey Rohit,

      Assuming, second site is example2.org

      You need to follow steps this way.

      1. create a new directory and add WordPress (Ref: steps 31)

      cd /var/www/
      mkdir example2
      wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
      tar -xvzf latest.tar.gz
      mv -v wordpress/* /var/www/example2
      rm -rf index.nginx-debian.html latest.tar.gz wordpress
      chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/
      sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www

      2. Create a new Server block with root path located to new directory as created in step 1.


      cd /etc/nginx/sites-available/
      nano gulshankumar-org

      server {
      listen 80;
      root /var/www/example2;
      index index.php index.html index.htm;
      server_name example2.org www.example2.org;
      ...

      3. Point your example2.org domain to DNS, then install SSL

      certbot --nginx -d example2.org -d www.example2.org

      4. Create new MySQL database
      sudo mysql -u root -p
      create database example2;
      grant all on example2.* to example2@localhost identified by 'TYPE HERE PASSWORD';
      flush privileges;
      exit;

      5. Proceed to Installation by visiting your site https://example2.org

      Let me know if you have any additional question. You can always visit our forum for quick assistance.

      Thanks & Regards,
      Gulshan

      Svar
      • Hello Gulshan you written a comprehensive guide i highly appreciate your work. Can you help me with an error? Actually i have two websites the first website i have already hosted on Vultr following the above guide.

        But when try to host a another WordPress website iam getting error. I followed the above steps you mentioned in comments. But still not able to fix it. The error is my website not working after hosting another WordPress website.

        If possible please guide me step by step instructions. It will help me alot. Thanks in advance.

        Svar
        • Consider checking log available at /var/log/nginx/ directory. Use nginx -t command to see what mistake causing issue.

          Svar
    • Add below cron job

      crontab -e

      Add below command and save.

      15 3 * * 7 certbot renew --post-hook "service nginx restart"

      Svar
  17. Thank you for your tutorial, its the first one that actually showed me the wordpress setup page.

    When I went to upload a plugin I received this message. “The uploaded file exceeds the upload_max_filesize directive in php.ini”

    How do I increase the max filesize?

    Svar
  18. Thanks a lot Gulshan. You save my breath

    I search everywhere but not find any good article

    You explained very well along with security concern

    well done

    Svar